NHTSA vehicle safety data

2023 Tesla Model X Recalls, Ratings & Complaints

The 2023 Tesla Model X has 17 NHTSA recall campaigns and 195 owner complaints on file as of November 3, 2026. Recall repairs are usually free at an authorized Tesla dealer.

NHTSA recall and complaint data for the 2023 Tesla Model X, plus NCAP crash-test ratings. Recall data is refreshed daily from NHTSA.

2023 Tesla Model X owner complaints

Owners have filed 195 complaints with NHTSA about the 2023 Tesla Model X, describing incidents dated January 1, 2023 to October 22, 2026.

Most-cited components

  • Unknown or Other 91 complaints
  • Steering 46 complaints
  • Electrical System 21 complaints
  • Forward Collision Avoidance 20 complaints
  • Service Brakes 12 complaints
  • Structure 12 complaints

Of the 195 complaints on file, 19 report a crash and 2 a fire; across all 195 complaints, owners report 12 injuries (owner-reported, not verified by NHTSA).

Newest complaints

  • ODI #11773233 · Filed

    On 10/22/26, the driver engaged Full Self-Driving (Supervised) while the vehicle was parked in our residential garage, to back out onto the driveway. As the vehicle reversed out of the garage under FSD, the driver’s-side mirror struck the garage wall, damaging the mirror and causing minor damage to…

  • ODI #11766026 · Filed

    On [XXX], at approximately [XXX], I was driving my 2023 Tesla Model X to the Macy's at Bellevue Square, Bellevue, WA, with Full Self-Driving (Supervised) engaged. The navigation system routed incorrectly to Lincoln Square instead of Bellevue Square, and the vehicle proceeded into the Lincoln Square…

  • ODI #11764937 · Filed

    The contact owns a 2023 Tesla Model X. The contact stated that while his wife was driving 65 MPH with Full Self-Driving mode activated, the rear passenger’s side tire exploded. The message “Loss Pressure Rear Tire" was displayed. The contact's wife nearly lost control of the vehicle but was able to…

Read all 195 complaints

NHTSA defect investigations

NHTSA's investigations file lists the 2023 Tesla Model X in 10 investigations. Audit Queries and Equipment Queries are administrative investigations: they look at whether companies complied with federal vehicle safety requirements, such as reporting, recall and certification rules, not at a possible vehicle defect. A listed model year means only that an investigation names it; it says nothing about any particular vehicle. An open investigation is not a finding that a safety defect exists, and NHTSA can close one without a recall.

5 more NHTSA investigations
Open and recently closed NHTSA defect investigations

Rearview Camera Image May Not Display/FMVSS 111

NHTSA #26V283000 · Back Over Prevention — Software · NHTSA notice

Reported May 4, 2026 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 218,868 vehicles

Completion not yet reported (dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-26-00-001 · Owners notified July 3, 2026 · Vehicles built October 3, 2022 – January 18, 2023 (per NHTSA)

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2017, 2021-2023 Model 3, 2020-2023 Model Y, 2021-2023 Model S, and Model X vehicles operating software version 2026.8.6. The rearview camera image may be delayed when the vehicle is placed in reverse. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."

Safety consequence

A delayed rearview image reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 3, 2026. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-26-00-001.

Incorrect Horn Pad May Prevent Horn From Sounding

NHTSA #25V172000 · Air Bags · NHTSA notice

Reported March 19, 2025 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 91 vehicles

Repair completion: 72.53% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-25-20-001 · Owners notified May 20, 2025

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model S and 2021-2025 Model X vehicles. An air bag with the incorrect horn pad may have been installed, preventing the horn from sounding.

Safety consequence

An inoperative horn may prevent the driver from alerting other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla service will inspect and install an air bag with the correct horn pad as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed May 20, 2025. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-25-20-001.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 888-327-4236 (TTY 888-275-9171) or go to nhtsa.gov.

Rearview Camera Image May Fail/FMVSS 111

NHTSA #25V002000 · Back Over Prevention — Software · NHTSA notice

Reported January 6, 2025 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 239,382 vehicles

Repair completion: 99.66% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-25-00-001 · Owners notified March 7, 2025 · Recall influenced by NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2024-2025 Model 3, Model S, 2023-2025 Model X, and Model Y vehicles. The computer circuit board may short, resulting in the loss of the rearview camera image. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 111, "Rear Visibility."

Safety consequence

A rearview camera that does not display an image reduces the driver's rear view, increasing the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Tesla will also identify any vehicles that experienced a circuit board failure, or stress that may lead to a circuit board failure, and replace the affected computers, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 7, 2025. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-25-00-001.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153) or go to nhtsa.gov.

Air Bag May Tear During Deployment/FMVSS 208

NHTSA #24V967000 · Air Bags — Frontal — Driver Side — Cushion · NHTSA notice

Reported December 23, 2024 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 487 vehicles

Repair completion: 74.95% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-24-20-001 · Owners notified February 21, 2025

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2025 Model S and Model X vehicles. The driver's air bag could tear during deployment. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection" and 212, "Windshield Mounting."

Safety consequence

A torn air bag may not adequately protect an occupant in a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla service will replace the air bag assembly, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 21, 2025. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-20-001.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153) or go to nhtsa.gov.

Software May Fail to Detect Unlatched Hood

NHTSA #24V554000 · Latches/Locks/Linkages — Hood — Latch · NHTSA notice

Reported July 24, 2024 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 1,849,638 vehicles

Repair completion: 99.3% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-24-00-012 · Owners notified September 22, 2024

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model 3, Model S, Model X, and 2020-2024 Model Y vehicles. The hood latch assembly may fail to detect an unlatched hood condition after the hood has been opened.

Safety consequence

An unlatched hood can fully open, obstructing the driver's view and increasing the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 24, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-012.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Seat Belt Warning System Malfunction/FMVSS 208

NHTSA #24V376000 · Seat Belts — Front — Warning Light/Devices · NHTSA notice

Reported May 28, 2024 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 125,233 vehicles

Repair completion: 89.92% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-24-00-008 · Owners notified July 26, 2024

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2012-2024 Model S, 2015-2024 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles. In the event of an unbelted driver, the seat belt warning light and audible chime may not activate as intended. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection."

Safety consequence

A seat belt warning system that fails to alert occupants of an unbelted seat belt can increase the risk of injury during a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update. Owner notification letters were mailed July 26, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-008.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Incorrect Font Size on Warning Lights/FMVSS 105

NHTSA #24V051000 · Electrical System — Instrument Cluster/Panel · NHTSA notice

Reported January 30, 2024 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 2,193,869 vehicles

Tesla campaign SB-24-00-003 · Owners notified February 21, 2024

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2012-2023 Model S, 2016-2024 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, 2019-2024 Model Y, and 2024 Cybertruck vehicles. An incorrect font size is displayed on the instrument panel for the Brake, Park, and Antilock Brake System (ABS) warning lights. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 105, "Hydraulic and Electric Brake Systems" and 135, "Light Vehicle Brake Systems."

Safety consequence

Warning lights with a smaller font size can make critical safety information on the instrument panel difficult to read, increasing the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla began releasing an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-003.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Rearview Image May Not Display

NHTSA #24V035000 · Back Over Prevention — Sensing System — Camera · NHTSA notice

Reported January 22, 2024 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 199,575 vehicles

Repair completion: 99.99% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-24-00-002 · Owners notified March 22, 2024

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2023 Model S, X, and Y vehicles equipped with full self-driving computer 4.0 and running a software release version 2023.44.30 through 2023.44.30.6 or 2023.44.100. Software instability may prevent the rearview camera image from displaying.

Safety consequence

A rearview image that does not display while in reverse decreases the driver's visibility and increases the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 22, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-002.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Doors Can Be Unlocked During a Crash/FMVSS 214

NHTSA #23V862000 · Latches/Locks/Linkages — Doors — Latch · NHTSA notice

Reported December 19, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 120,423 vehicles

Repair completion: 99.38% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-23-00-009 · Owners notified February 17, 2024

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model S and X vehicles. The cabin doors can be unlocked during a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 214, "Side Impact Protection."

Safety consequence

An unlocked door may unlatch and open during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 17, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-009.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Autopilot Controls Insufficient to Prevent Misuse

NHTSA #23V838000 · Electrical System — ADAS — Driver Monitoring — Software · NHTSA notice

Reported December 12, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 2,031,220 vehicles

Repair completion: 98.83% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-23-00-008 · Owners notified February 10, 2024 · Recall influenced by NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling 2012-2023 Model S, 2016-2023 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles equipped with all versions of Autosteer leading up to the version(s) that contains the recall remedy. In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, the prominence and scope of the feature's controls may not be sufficient to prevent driver misuse of the SAE Level 2 advanced driver-assistance feature.

Safety consequence

In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, and the driver does not maintain responsibility for vehicle operation and is unprepared to intervene as necessary or fails to recognize when Autosteer is canceled or not engaged, there may be an increased risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 10, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-008.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Incorrect Front Driver Air Bag

NHTSA #23V743000 · Steering — Steering Wheel/Handle Bar · NHTSA notice

Reported November 3, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 194 vehicles

Repair completion: 75.77% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-23-20-005 · Owners notified January 2, 2024

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model S and Model X vehicles. An incorrect air bag may have been installed when the steering yoke or round steering wheel was replaced with a different style of yoke or steering wheel.

Safety consequence

An air bag that is not designed to function with the replacement steering yoke or wheel may deploy incorrectly, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla Service will inspect and replace the driver air bag as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 2, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-20-005.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Failure to Detect Low Brake Fluid/FMVSS 135

NHTSA #23V679000 · Electrical System · NHTSA notice

Reported October 11, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 54,676 vehicles

Repair completion: 99.1% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-23-00-005 · Owners notified December 12, 2023

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model X vehicles. The vehicle controller may fail to detect low brake fluid and will not display a warning light. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 135, "Light Vehicle Brake Systems."

Safety consequence

Without a warning light, the vehicle may be driven with low brake fluid, which can reduce braking performance and increase the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 12, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-005.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Seat Belt May Detach from Pretensioner Anchor

NHTSA #23V488000 · Seat Belts — Front · NHTSA notice

Reported July 14, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 15,869 vehicles

Repair completion: 92.7% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-23-20-004 · Owners notified September 12, 2023 · Recall influenced by NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model S and Model X vehicles. The front-row seat belts may not be connected properly to the pretensioner anchors, which can cause the seat belts to detach.

Safety consequence

A detached seat belt may not properly restrain an occupant during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla Service will inspect the front-row seat belts and connect the seat belts to pretensioner anchors, or replace the seat belt assemblies, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 12, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-20-004.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Forward-Facing Camera Misaligned

NHTSA #23V489000 · Forward Collision Avoidance — Sensing System — Camera · NHTSA notice

Reported July 14, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 1,337 vehicles

Repair completion: 92.6% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-23-17-006 · Owners notified September 12, 2023

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2023 Model S, Model X, and Model Y vehicles. The forward-facing camera may be misaligned, causing some of the active safety features such as emergency braking, forward collision warning, and lane assist to become unavailable without alerting the driver.

Safety consequence

Safety features that are unavailable without any warning to the driver may increase the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla Service will inspect and adjust the pitch angle, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 12, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-17-006.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Rearview Image May Not Display/FMVSS 111

NHTSA #23V244000 · Back Over Prevention · NHTSA notice

Reported April 5, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 38 vehicles

Repair completion: 100% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Owners notified March 9, 2023

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2023 Model X vehicles equipped with a full self-driving computer 4.0 and running software release version 2023.2.200. Weak camera signal strength may prevent the rearview image from displaying. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."

Safety consequence

A rearview image that does not display while in reverse decreases the driver's visibility, increasing the risk of injury or crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. All affected vehicles have been remedied. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Full Self-Driving Software May Cause Crash

NHTSA #23V085000 · Steering — Automated/Adaptive Steering · NHTSA notice

Reported February 15, 2023 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 362,758 vehicles

Repair completion: 96.5% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-23-00-001 · Owners notified April 15, 2023 · Recall influenced by NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2016-2023 Model S, Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles equipped with Full Self-Driving Beta (FSD Beta) software or pending installation.  The FSD Beta system may allow the vehicle to act unsafe around intersections, such as traveling straight through an intersection while in a turn-only lane, entering a stop sign-controlled intersection without coming to a complete stop, or proceeding into an intersection during a steady yellow traffic signal without due caution. In addition, the system may respond insufficiently to changes in posted speed limits or not adequately account for the driver's adjustment of the vehicle's speed to exceed posted speed limits.

Safety consequence

FSD Beta software that allows a vehicle to exceed speed limits or travel through intersections in an unlawful or unpredictable manner increases the risk of a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge.  Owner notification letters were mailed April 15, 2023.  Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752.  Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-001.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Passenger Air Bag May Deploy Incorrectly/FMVSS 208

NHTSA #22V843000 · Air Bags — Air Bag/Restraint Control Module — Software · NHTSA notice

Reported November 15, 2022 · Tesla, Inc.

Potentially affected: 29,348 vehicles

Repair completion: 99.99% (latest rate the manufacturer reported to NHTSA; dataset updated November 3, 2026)

Tesla campaign SB-22-00-015 · Owners notified January 14, 2023

Defect description

Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model X vehicles. The restraint control module (RCM) calibration may cause the front passenger air bag to deploy incorrectly during certain low speed crashes. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection."

Safety consequence

A passenger air bag that does not deploy as intended increases the risk of injury during a crash.

Manufacturer remedy

Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update to recalibrate the RCM, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 14, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-22-00-015.

Notes

Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.

Other Tesla Model X model years

Check your 2023 Tesla Model X VIN

Not every recall applies to every VIN in a given year. Enter the 17-character VIN from your Tesla Model X at nhtsa.gov/recalls to see whether your specific vehicle has an unrepaired recall.

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